Magge Codes

Definations and all Study material

If any programming language supports Encapsulation, Polymorphism, Inheritance and Abstraction etc. is called as OOP

Objects:

Objects are instances of classes and represent real-world entities with attributes (data) and behaviors (methods/functions).
They encapsulate data and the operations that can be performed on that data.

Classes:

Classes are blueprint templates for creating objects. They define the properties and behaviors common to all objects of a certain type.
Classes serve as a template for creating objects with specific attributes and methods.

Encapsulation:

Encapsulation is the bundling of data (attributes) and methods that operate on the data into a single unit (class).
It hides the internal state of an object and restricts access to the inner workings of an object, allowing for better control and security.

Inheritance:

Inheritance is a mechanism that allows a class (subclass or derived class) to inherit properties and behaviors from another class (superclass or base class). It promotes code reusability by allowing a new class to reuse the properties and behaviors of an existing class.

Polymorphism:

Polymorphism allows objects of different types to be treated as objects of a common type. It can be achieved through method overloading (same method name with different parameters) and method overriding (providing a specific implementation of a method in a subclass).

Abstraction:

Abstraction involves simplifying complex systems by modeling classes based on the essential properties and behaviors they share. It allows programmers to focus on the relevant details of an object and ignore unnecessary details.

Association:

Association represents a relationship between two or more objects where they are connected but not dependent on each other. It can be one-to-one, one-to-many, or many-to-many.

Class and Objects Example:

        #include <iostream>
        using namespace std;

        class Car {
        public:
            string brand;
            int year;

            void displayInfo() {
            cout<<"Brand:";
            cout<< brand; 
            cout<<",Year: " 
            cout<< year;
            }
        };

        int main() {
            Car myCar;
            myCar.brand = "Toyota";
            myCar.year = 2022;
            myCar.displayInfo();

            return 0;
        }

Constructor and Destructor Example:

        #include <iostream>
        using namespace std;

        class Student {
        public:
            Student(string n, int a)
            :name(n),age(a) {
            cout << "Constructor 
            called for " << name << endl;
            }

            void displayInfo() {
            cout << "Name: " 
            << name << ", Age: " 
            << age << endl;
            }

            ~Student() {
            cout << "Destructor called for "
             << name << endl;
            }

        private:
            string name;
            int age;
        };

        int main() {
            Student student1("Alice", 20);
            student1.displayInfo();

            return 0;
        }

Inheritance Example:

        #include <iostream>
        using namespace std;

        class Shape {
        public:
            virtual void draw() {
            cout << "Drawing a shape";
            }
        };

        class Circle : public Shape {
        public:
            void draw() override {
            cout << "Drawing a circle";
            }
        };

        int main() {
            Circle myCircle;
            myCircle.draw();

            return 0;
        }

Polymorphism Example:

        #include <iostream>
        using namespace std;

        class Animal {
        public:
            virtual void sound() {
            cout << "Animal sound" ;
            }
        };

        class Dog : public Animal {
        public:
            void sound() override {
                cout << "Bark" << endl;
            }
        };

        int main() {
            Animal* myAnimal = new Dog();
            myAnimal->sound();

            delete myAnimal;

            return 0;
        }

Experiment 09

AIM: Programming using object-oriented programming concepts (using data members and member functions)

Task 1: Create a class named 'Student' with a string (char array) variable 'name' and an integer variable 'roll_no'. Assign the value of roll_no as 2 and that of name as "John" in main( ) function by creating an object of the class Student and display the same.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
#include <cstring>

class Student
{
public:
char name[5];
int roll_no;
};

int main()
{
Student s;
s.roll_no = 2;
strcpy(s.name, "John");
cout << "Student name: " << s.name << endl << "Student Roll no.: " << s.roll_no;
return 0;
}

Task 2: Create a class student having data members name, rollno & branch and define two member function getData( ) & display( ) for taking input & display the same. Write a complete C++ code for displaying the information of a student.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class student
{
private:
char name[10];
int roll_no;
char branch[5];
public:
void getData()
{
cout << "Enter the Name Roll no. & Branch of the Student:" << endl;
cin >> name >> roll_no >> branch;
}
void display()
{
cout << "Student Name: " << name << endl << "Roll no: " << roll_no << endl << "Branch:" << branch << endl;
}
};

int main()
{
student s;
s.getData();
s.display();
return 0;
}

Task 3: Create a student record (name, rollno, marks of 3 subjects and score), calculate the average, store average in a score data member. If score<40, declare FAIL else PASS along with student details, maintain 10 students records. (make use of member function to read and display records)

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class student
{
private:
char name[10];
int roll_no;
int ms1;
int ms2;
int ms3;
float score;
public:
void read()
{
cout << "Enter the Name, Roll no & marks of the three subjects:" << endl;
cin >> name >> roll_no >> ms1 >> ms2 >> ms3;
}
void display()
{
score = (ms1 + ms2 + ms3) / 3;
cout << "Student Name: " << name << endl << "Roll no: " << roll_no << endl << "Marks in Sub 1: " << ms1 << endl << "Marks in Sub 2: " << ms2 << endl << "Marks in Sub 3: " << ms3 << endl << "Score: " << score << endl;
if (score < 40)
cout << "FAIL" << endl;
else
cout << "PASS" << endl;
}
};

int main()
{
student s[10];
for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++)
{
s[i].read();
s[i].display();
}
return 0;
}

Task 4: Write a program to overload sum function to perform addition of two integers, three integers and two floating-point numbers.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

int sum(int x, int y)
{
int s = x + y;
return s;
}
int sum(int x, int y, int z)
{
int s = x + y + z;
return s;
}
double sum(double x, double y)
{
double s = x + y;
return s;
}
int main()
{
cout << "Sum of two integers: " << sum(10, 20) << endl;
cout << "Sum of three integers: " << sum(30, 40, 50) << endl;
cout << "Sum of two floats: " << sum(16.12, 20.05);
return 0;
}

Task 5: Create a class named “Shapes” with data member area. Write a member function “calArea” with two float parameters to calculate the area of rectangle and overload the same function having one float parameter to calculate the area of square.

#include <iostream>
using namespace std;

class Shapes
{
private:
float area;
public:
void calArea(float x, float y)
{
area = x * y;
}
void calArea(float x)
{
area = x * x;
}
void display()
{
cout << area << endl;
}
};

int main()
{
Shapes s1;
s1.calArea(16.12, 20.05);
cout << "Area of rectangle: ";
s1.display();
Shapes s2;
s2.calArea(47.69);
cout << "Area of Square: ";
s2.display();
return 0;
}